                    CLASSICAL GREEK IN WP51DOS

Introduction
   This macro is intended for putting Classsical Greek inserts
(odd words and phrases here and there) into English text, using
an English keyboard. It is not suitable, too slow, for writing
full Greek text, for which a Greek keyboard and suitable fonts
are needed.
   At present, including Greek inserts requires using the WP
`compose' feature for each character in turn, which itself is
very slow. Further, for each character in turn one has to search
the entire WP character set, which gives not just the alphabet
but almost every possible combination (and some impossible ones)
of letters and diacriticals, over 200 characters in all! This
macro finds what you want for you.
   (Note that no support is provided for features that may be
expected for use with Modern Greek but are not used in Classical
Greek.)
   The set-up is rather complicated, but once done, the usage is
extremely simple, slower than using a Greek keyboard but far, far
quicker than using `compose'.

Set-up
   To get the system to work, three things are necessary:
1. To get WP to produce the characters;
2. To enable them to appear on the screen;
3. To enable them to be printed.

1.   Two macro (.WPM) files are provided, and both must be copied
into your Macro/Keyboard Files directory, i.e. the one in which
your .WPM files are located. The first, GREEK.WPM, should be
either renamed as an alt- macro, or, preferably, `retrieved' into
the keyboard layout as a keyboard macro. The idea is so as to be
able to call it up with a single (simple or combined) keystroke.
(A combined keystroke is one that includes Shift, Control or Alt
with the key.)
   The second macro, called GKDIACR.WPM, should be left alone, it
must not be renamed. You do not use it, it is a subsidiary macro
used automatically by the first one as required.
   WP will then produce the characters (see `usage' below)
without trouble, as they are all included in their character set,
but without the following they may not appear on the screen, or
print.

2.   For characters other than the basic English and a few others
to appear on the screen, you must set up WP for 512 characters.
From the edit screen, press in turn Shift-F1, 2, 1, 5 (without
the commas) and then repeatedly F7 to return. This will enable
Greek characters to appear (in addition to the usual) but will
not produce them.
   To produce them, first look for two files,  VGA512.FRS and
VGA512.CHM, in your main WP directory. Copy them to a `safe'
directory, just in case anything goes wrong and you need to get
them back. Then, and only after making these safe backups,
overwrite the two files in their original location with the two
new ones provided. You will then need to restart your computer
(it is not enough to exit and restart WP) and start WP. You
should now see all the Greek characters on the screen.

3.   Getting the characters to print (without having to change
font every time) is more complicated. It is best to choose just
one font or at most two which will be used for English with Greek
inserts. Suggested are Times New Roman and perhaps Helvetica
(Arial), but it is your choice.
   Now in order to print Greek characters you do not need to have
a font that includes them. If they are not there, WP will create
them (as it will create any characters in their character sets).
However, some other characters may occur in their place, and if
so WP will not create or print them. This happens if your printer
driver file (.PRS) has any `automatic font changes' (AFC's) or
substitute fonts with AFC's, that direct all Greek characters
that you write to a different font (which is not Greek). Usually
there is an AFC (Greek is redirected to a font called `Symbol' or
to something else), which must be removed; otherwise your
characters will appear correctly on the screen (after setting up
the VGA512 files mentioned above), but will print all wrong. To
overcome this you must amend your .PRS file(s), as follows:

Stage 1. VITAL. You are going to change the PRS file associated
with the printer that you are using. So first make a `safe' copy
of this and put it into a safe place (a different directory), so
that if you make a mess of things (very easily done) you can go
back to the original and start again.

Stage 2. Use the PTR function to enter the PRS file that you are
using. [If you are not familiar with PTR, you will find
instructions elsewhere in WP.] Choose the first font you intend
to use.

Stage 3. Find the Automatic Font Change (AFC) list for that font,
and look for Greek. If a font name is listed there (often, for
example `Symbol'), delete it, and leave it blank. (Only if, as is
most unlikely, a genuine Greek font is there, leave it alone,
press alt-f7, and exit without saving the file. You have no
problem in the PRS.)

Stage 4. Go back to the font (press F7 repeatedly), find the
Character Map, scroll through it, and check that there are no
printing instructions for anything in the Greek list (those
beginning 8,...). If there are, delete them.

Stage 5. Go back to the font (repeated F7), find the `Substitute
fonts' list, delete any unwanted substitute fonts (there are
usually some totally unsuitable ones there) and check each
remaining substitute font in turn (as in stages 3 and 4 again) to
see that there is no Greek AFC in any of them. (Do not worry
about substitutes for substitutes.)

Stage 6. Go back to the font list (repeated F7) and repeat stages
3,4,5 for any second font that you may be using for Greek
inserts. [It is for this reason that we suggest only using one or
two fonts for Greek, otherwise you have to do this for every font
in turn!]

Stage 7. Press Alt-F7, save the PRS file (without changing its
name). Exit.
   Remember, this must be done for each chosen font in turn.
   If this does not work, or if something goes wrong that was all
right before, overwrite your modified PRS file with the `safe'
copy of the original, and start again.
   Remember all this work is not caused by the system provided,
but is needed to make the `compose' feature, on which the system
is based, work.

     You must then set up the system for easy use, and that is
very simple. You will need to use a single (simple or compound)
keystoke, so in your keyboard file you need to arrange a keyboard
macro for the keystroke you intend to use. [A compound keystroke
is one that includes Shift, Control or Alt.] The keyboard macro
should contain only three words, as follows: {macro}greek{enter}
- but you cannot type in the first and last. The procedure is as
follows:

First press ^V (control-V) then Alt-F10, and the word {macro}
should appear in bold. Then type in "greek" without a space and
without the quotes. Finally again without space, press ^V again
and then press `Enter' and {enter} should appear. That is all.
Remember the keystroke you have chosen. I have used F11, and in
the following you must substitute for F11 the keystroke you have
chosen. (TIP if you have one to spare, use Ctrl and a key on the
left of the keyboard.)

Usage
   The actual usage is simple.

   To obtain a character in the alphabet, etc., press F11 (or
whatever) and choose it from the menu. Do not press `enter', it
returns automatically.
   To add a diacritical, press F11 (or whatever) again, press "="
(the equals sign), and choose the diacritical (breathing or
accent) from a new menu. Again do not press `enter'.
     If you want a breathing and an accent, you must first add
the breathing, then press F11 (or whatever) a third time, again
`equals', and then choose the accent (not the accent first).
     Press ESC (cancel) or F7 (exit) to escape from either menu.
   That is all there is to it!!!!!

   However, some notes are needed to explain how the menu has
been created and how it works.

1. The main menu includes all the letters of the alphabet, plus
the apostrophe and Greek colon, and stand-alone smooth and rough
breathings (used before capital letters).
   In order to simplify matters, the iota subscript has not been
treated as a diacritical, but the three letters that take it
(alpha, eta, omega) together with the subscript have been treated
as extra letters and added on to the alphabet.
   The menu layout gives the name (in English letters) of each
character, and before it (i.e. to the left) is the key to press
and an arrow showing what it produces. After the name, (i.e. to
the right), is the key to press for the corresponding capital
letter, and what it produces. This is quickly got used to. (I
would have liked to make the menu clearer, but there is not
enough room.)
   The other three punctuation marks  full-stop (period), comma
and semi-colon (used as a Greek question mark) are the same as in
English and should be accessed directly from the keyboard,
without using the macro.

2. The second menu, for diacriticals, is much easier and
self-explanatory. Please remember that the two breathings on the
main menu are only for stand-alone (used before a capital
letter), while those on the second menu are for diacriticals
(i.e. attached to a vowel or `rho').
   The results of this are to produce characters that are `as if'
overstruck, but in fact the composite character has been
substituted, except for three composite characters that WP
forgot, and which are produced by overstrike  but all that is an
explanation of what takes place within, and you need not worry
about it. (The three are alpha with iota subscript and grave,
rho-smooth, and rho-rough. These will not show the diacritical on
the edit screen but will show overstrikes on the codes screen
below.)
   A final note. Certain combinations are not used in classsical
Greek even though WP has put some of them in their character set,
and these have been ignored. For information, they are:
(i) epsilon or omicron with a circumflex accent;
(ii) a grave at the beginning of the word (i.e. with a
breathing);
(iii) diaresis.

Resum of the usage.
     You will need to press the chosen keystroke before each
letter, again to produce a diacritical (breathing or accent) and
a third time to produce a double diacritical (accent after
breathing). This is far too slow for bulk text, but far, far
quicker than using `compose' for every letter in a short insert.
Like everything else, it takes a bit of getting used to.
   Hoping that you find the system useful,  A.S. 
